Dr.APJ Abdul Kalam

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam (; 15 October 1931 – 27 July 2015) was an Indian aerospace scientist and politician who served because the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007. He was born and raised in Ramaswaram, province and studied physics and aerospace engineering. He spent the subsequent four decades as a scientist and science administrator, mainly at the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Indian Space research Organisation (ISRO) and was intimately involved in India's civilian space programme and military missile development efforts. He thus came to be called the Missile Man of India for his work on the event of missile and launch vehicle technology. He also played a pivotal organisational, technical, and political role in India's Pokharan-2 nuclear tests in 1998, the first since the initial nuclear test by India in 1974.Kalam was elected because the 11th President of India in 2002 with the support of both the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and also the then-opposition Indian National Congress. Widely stated because the "People's President", he returned to his civilian lifetime of education, writing and public service after one term. He was a recipient of several prestigious awards, including the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour.
While delivering a lecture at the Indian Institute of Management Shillong, Kalam collapsed and died from a visible asystole on 27 July 2015, aged 83. Thousands, including national-level dignitaries, attended the funeral ceremony held in his hometown of Rameshwaram, where he was buried with full state honours.

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born on 15 October 1931 to a Tamil Muslim family within the pilgrimage centre of Rameswaram on Pamban Island, then within the Madras Presidency and now within the State of state. His father Jainulabdeen was a ship owner and imam of a region mosque; his mother Ashiamma was a housewife. His father owned a ferry that took Hindu pilgrims back and forth between Rameswaram and also the now uninhabited Dhanushkodi. Kalam was the youngest of 4 brothers and one sister in his family. His ancestors had been wealthy traders and landowners, with numerous properties and large tracts of land. Their business had involved trading groceries between the mainland and so the island and to and from Ceylon, furthermore as ferrying pilgrims between the mainland and Pamban. As a result, the family acquired the title of "Mara Kalam Iyakkivar" (wooden boat steerers), which over the years became shortened to "Marakier." With the opening of the Pamban Bridge to the mainland in 1914, however, the businesses failed and also the family fortune and properties were lost over time, aside from the ancestral home. By his time of life, Kalam's family had become poor; at an early age, he sold newspapers to supplement his family's income.

In his school years, Kalam had average grades but was described as a bright and hardworking student who had a strong desire to search out out. He spent hours on his studies, especially mathematics. After completing his education at the Schwartz Higher school, Ramanathapuram, Kalam went on to attend Saint Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli, then affiliated with the University of Madras, from where he graduated in physics in 1954. He moved to Madras in 1955 to test aerospace engineering in Madras Institute of Technology. While Kalam was functioning on a category project, the Dean was dissatisfied along with his lack of progress and threatened to revoke his scholarship unless the project was finished within the next three days. Kalam met the deadline, impressing the Dean, who later said to him, "I was putting you under stress and asking you to satisfy a difficult deadline". He narrowly missed achieving his dream of becoming a airplane pilot, as he placed ninth in qualifiers, and only eight positions were available within the IAF.